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Maxim Gorky Fortresses
Maxim Gorky I and Maxim Gorky II (Russian designation: Coast Batteries #30 and #35) were coastal batteries used by the Soviet Union in the Crimea during World War II in the Crimean Campaign. The namesake Maxim Gorky (a famous Soviet author and political activist), used in western sources (initially German ones), has no native origin.
==Maxim Gorky I==
Maxim Gorky I was located east of Ljabimorka, at (north of Severnaya Bay which formed Sevastopol's harbor), and contained twin gun turrets〔"...the first with twin gun turrets located east of Ljabimorka (north of the bay)..." Kuafmann, J. E. (''Fortress Europe: European fortifications of World War II'' ) Da Capo Press, p. 365.〕 which could fire four 30.5 cm guns.〔"...to the four giant 30.5 cm guns of the Maxim Gorky I coastal battery..." Weal, John. (''Ju 87 Stukageschwader of the Russian Front'' ). Osprey Publishing, p. 34.〕 Once the Germans had broken through the Perekop Isthmus in October 1941, they advanced on Sevastopol but were confronted by Maxim Gorky I. They deployed the 800mm rail gun Dora to destroy it. On June 6, 1942, heavy guns and mortars managed to make direct hits on the battery which destroyed one of the gun turrets and damaged the other.〔"After the Germans overran the Perekop Line...the Germans deployed their super heavy artilley, including the 800mm rail gun Dora to destroy key points like Maxim Gorky I. On June 6, heavy German guns and mortars fired on Maxim Gorky I and scored direct hits that destroyed one of the turrets and damaged the other." Kuafmann, J. E. (''Fortress Europe: European fortifications of World War II'' ) Da Capo Press, p. 369.〕 None of these were successful in eliminating the Maxim Gorky I, however, and it was not until June 17 that it was put out of action by German assault engineers.〔"Additional artillery fire and air bombardment failed to eliminate the Maxim Gorky damaged turret, which was finally put out of action by assault engineers on June 17."Kuafmann, J. E. (''Fortress Europe: European fortifications of World War II'' ) Da Capo Press, p. 369.〕 According to the Soviets, the battery ceased firing and was subsequently blown up by its crew.〔"The Soviet version is that Coastal Battery 30 - its official designation - ceased firing simply because it had run out of ammunition, and was blown up by its crews." Weal, John. (''Ju 87 Stukageschwader of the Russian Front'' ). Osprey Publishing, p. 36.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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